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Trusted by over 400,000 patients Since 2005
Terpenes are naturally occurring aromatic compounds found in the cannabis plant and thousands of other plants, fruits, flowers, herbs, and trees. They are responsible for the distinctive scents and flavors that make each cannabis variety unique.
For example, the smell of pine trees comes from terpenes. Citrus fruits, lavender, black pepper, rosemary, basil, and lemons all contain their own unique terpene profiles.
In cannabis, terpenes do much more than create pleasant aromas. Researchers continue to study how terpenes may interact with cannabinoids such as THC and CBD and how they may influence the overall characteristics of different cannabis products.
Terpenes are produced in the trichomes, the tiny crystal-like glands that cover mature cannabis flowers.
These same trichomes also produce:
The combination of cannabinoids and terpenes contributes to the unique profile of each cannabis variety.
Every cannabis strain has its own unique terpene profile.
These compounds contribute to:
Researchers are studying whether terpenes may influence the way cannabinoids interact with the body, although additional research is needed to better understand these complex relationships.
The entourage effect is a theory suggesting that cannabinoids, terpenes, and other naturally occurring compounds in cannabis may work together to influence the plant’s overall effects.
Rather than acting independently, these compounds may interact in complex ways that differ from isolated cannabinoids alone.
Although this concept has generated significant scientific interest, research is ongoing, and more studies are needed to determine how these interactions may affect different patients.
Scientists have identified more than 150 different terpenes in cannabis, although only a small number are commonly found in significant amounts.
Some of the most well-known include:
Each terpene has its own distinctive aroma and is being studied for its potential biological properties.
Aroma:
Myrcene is one of the most common terpenes found in cannabis.
It is also found in:
Researchers continue to study myrcene for its potential role in relaxation and comfort.
Aroma:
Limonene is commonly found in:
Researchers are studying limonene for its potential effects on mood, stress response, and inflammation.
Aroma:
Pinene is found in:
Researchers continue to investigate pinene for its potential effects on memory, inflammation, and respiratory function.
Aroma:
Caryophyllene is unique because research suggests it may interact with CB2 receptors within the endocannabinoid system.
It is also found in:
Scientists continue to study its potential role in inflammation and immune system regulation.
Aroma:
Linalool is commonly found in:
Researchers continue to investigate its potential calming properties.
Aroma:
Humulene is also present in:
Scientists continue studying humulene for its potential anti-inflammatory properties.
Aroma:
Terpinolene is less common than many other cannabis terpenes but contributes to the aroma of certain cannabis varieties.
It is also found in:
Aroma:
Ocimene occurs naturally in:
Research into ocimene continues as scientists learn more about its biological properties.
The terpene profile of a cannabis product largely determines its smell and taste.
Different cannabis varieties may have aromas described as:
Many patients enjoy exploring different terpene profiles based on their personal preferences.
No.
Terpenes themselves are not intoxicating and do not produce the psychoactive effects associated with THC.
However, researchers continue to study whether terpenes may influence the overall experience of cannabis when combined with cannabinoids.
Terpenes are found throughout nature.
Examples include:
These plants produce terpenes for many reasons, including attracting pollinators and protecting against insects and environmental stress.
Many patients now consider terpene profiles when selecting cannabis products.
Dispensaries often provide laboratory testing that lists:
Understanding terpene profiles may help patients make more informed decisions about the products they choose, although responses vary from person to person.
Terpenes have become one of the fastest-growing areas of cannabis research.
Scientists continue to investigate:
As research advances, our understanding of terpenes and their potential role in medical cannabis continues to evolve.
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